U.S. and Europe, ca. 1961
Fluxus has been described as an attitude and a style, subversive in its casual, spontaneous quality that challenges institutionally framed understandings of art. It developed as a loose affiliation of artists who gathered around the central figure of George Maciunas. Like the Situationists, their primary goal was to upset bourgeois routine in life and in art. Fluxus experiments explored connections between the visual arts, poetry, music, dance, theater, and the more radical forms of Performance [more], such as actions, often combining them in guerrilla theater and street spectacles. The elements of chance and humor so prominent in Marcel Duchamp’s visual experiments and John Cage’s musical compositions played important roles in the Fluxus approach to art making. Major figures associated with Fluxus in the U.S. and Europe include Joseph Beuys, George Brecht, Walter De Maria, Dick Higgins, Ray Johnson, Alison Knowles, Charlotte Moorman, Yoko Ono, Nam June Paik, Ben Vautier, Wolf Vostell, Robert Watts, Robert Whitman, and La Monte Young.
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